Hi, I have a friend who got into an accident two...

Causes and treatment of coma:

In fact, coma has many reasons, through what have been mentioned from the previous history, traumatic brain injuries are from the most common reasons for the deep coma, and it can vary in severity and types which can affects the outcomes significantly. The outcomes determined by the amount of damage to the brain and surrounding structures and weather the damage is permanent or temporary. Though the reflexes mentioned above is good at evaluation , it still can't give much good data about the situation of the brain. Usually, brain injuries are evaluated through a Glasgow coma scale, and it gives readings from 3 to 15, Readings vary, the lowest reading is 3, and it means that the injury or (bleeding) is severe to the extent that it can lead to brain  death. Usually, this scale is not sufficient either, What determines this is a number of things, including the degree of bleeding occurring in addition to the time factor, the more time the patient spends on a scale of 3, the more things are not good ..

There is no clear data can be given regarding the outcome without real examinations of the patient and his trauma history in addition to evaluation by the neuroimagings

Some injuries that occur as a result of severe injury are called diffuse axonal injury. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a form of traumatic brain injury. This occurs when the brain moves rapidly inside the skull when the injury occurs. The long, connected fibers in the brain called axons are severed as the brain decelerates within the rigid bone of the skull. DAI usually causes a large portion of the brain to be injured, and people with DAI are usually left in a coma. The changes in the brain are often very small and may be difficult to detect with a CT or MRI scan. It is one of the most common types of brain injury, as well as one of the most common affecting the brain and public consciousness. This injury left a large number of people who survived the injury to remains, unfortunately, un- consciousness. Of the few who wake up, many have long-term problems even after rehabilitation. However, there are different levels of DAI severity and thus, complete recovery is possible in very mild cases

Medical Examination:

The diagnosis is usually made by a neurologist who studies the history of the trauma  and conducts a clinical examination to the patient, he would also makes the necessary tests to study the such as the following:

CT scan

Magnetic resonance imaging

Electroencephalogram (EEG) - a test that measures the electricity in the brain

SPECT scan - a type of CT scan that looks at parts of the brain

Evoked potential tests - Tests used to check the senses

Associated symptoms:

Symptoms vary from person to person, depending on the degree and severity of the injury to brain cells, and the location of the damage to the brain, and the symptoms include:

• Unconsciousness
• Seizures and convulsions
• Coma
• Decline in brain function days or weeks after the event
• Headache
• Problems with thinking and concentration
• Mood Swings