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To obtain a work permit, there must be a work contract. Once you have an employment contract, you can obtain a work permit without any further time.
There are many types of work permits, and many ways to classify them. The simplest way to classify work in Canada is by one of the following three methods:
Work requiring a work permit and labor market impact assessment (LMIA)
Work requiring a work permit but not (LMIA)
Work that does not require a work permit or (LMIA)

Work requiring work permit and labor market impact assessment (LMIA)
In most cases, a Canadian employer who wishes to hire a foreign worker must first obtain approval from the government to hire a foreign worker by showing that no Canadians are available to fill the position. This application is known in the Labor Market Impact Assessment (LMIA). If he agrees, the employer may then offer work to the foreign worker, who must then apply for a work permit before they can start work.
Work that requires a work permit but not (LMIA)
Some work requires a work permit but is exempt from the need for (LMIA). There are many exemptions available. Sections 204 to 208 of the Migration and Refugee Protection Regulations provide the regulatory authority to issue a work permit to a worker who does not need an LMIA.
Some of the categories that require a work permit but are exempt from the (LMIA) requirement include the following:
Wives of foreign workers and students.
Bridging open work permits .
Work permits for postgraduate students.
International Agreements (NAFTA, GATS).
Candidate Territories. 
Work Related of research program.

Religious work. 
Canadian couple who applied for permanent residence in Canada.
Businessmen / self-candidates.
Moved within the company.
International Exchange Programs.
Work that does not require a work permit or LMIA
Under specified conditions, some professions do not need a work permit or LMIA. These include:
Athlete or coach.
Flight accidents investigators.
Business visit.